You probably can. If your fiancé entered the U.S. properly, was inspected by Immigration, and overstayed, her prospects are very positive. She should be able to legalize in the U.S. Here in Connecticut, USCIS is taking about a year to process clean, well-prepared cases. We normally take 15-40 days from when we meet with you and your spouse to prepare your marriage, adjustment of status, employment authorization and related applications and file them with USCIS.

Hopefully, yes, although there would be some significant challenges for your fiancé to legalize. Assuming that no one filed an application for him prior to April 2001, he’s not eligible to do his final green card processing in the U.S. now. However, the Obama administration implemented provisional waivers, which allow a noncitizen who crossed the border but who is now married to a United States citizen or green card holder or who has a U.S. citizen or green card holding parents to file the application to waive (pardon) his unlawful presence from within the United States. (In the past this had to be done after departing the U.S., and the process typically took 6-24 months.) So both the Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative (showing Immigration that your marriage is real) and the waiver can be filed while you remain together in the United States, and only the medical exam and final consular interview (which are quick) would have to take place overseas.

Two important cautions: first, the provisional waiver process is only available where unlawful presence is the sole bar to an applicant’s admission. So if the person has a deportation, has committed immigration fraud or is inadmissible for a crime, her or she cannot purse a provisional waiver. Some people made false applications at consulates or pretended to be Mexican when they were caught near the border. Both of these are fraud. Second, unlawful presence waivers can be difficult to win. You will need to convince Immigration that the United State citizen or permanent resident spouse or parent would suffer extreme hardship if the immigrant spouse had to live outside the U.S.

Probably not. Very few illegal immigrants can gain a green card through employment. The key positive exceptions: noncitizens who had some kind of immigration application or a labor certification application started on their behalf prior to April 30, 2001, or their spouse or child; and most noncitizens who entered on F student visas or J exchange visitor visas whose I-94 cards were marked “D/S” by Immigration. If your friend or employee falls in one of these categories, it may well be worth investigating whether you can assist him.

Don’t go out and spend a lot of money with a lawyer or notario who promises that the law has changed and all your problems can be resolved by paying him or her a lot of money. The law hasn’t changed yet, and no one can promise you that the law will change, or what it will say if it does. Although we do not know if a new law will pass or exactly what it will look like if it does, both the 1987-88 amnesty and past Senate proposals required applicants to show how long they had been in the United States. It would be smart for you to gather and save every kind of proof you can about your presence and work in the United States: passport, I-94 card, pay stubs, W-2 or 1099 forms, tax returns, leases, bank statements, contracts, bills, church documents like baptismal certificates or contribution records, children’s school records, birth certificates, etc. Lead a good life and pay your taxes each year. Even if no law passes in the near future, it would be a good idea to gather these documents and keep them in a safe place.